Friday, February 4, 2011

HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD

Access to good parenting, food, housing, and sanitation is
the primary method for enhancing children’s well-being and
opportunities. The consensus that children also should have
basic healthcare and social services grew throughout the
twentieth century. Initially, advocates for better health and
social care for impoverished, neglected, abused, and exploited
children included those active in the women’s rights
movement, the newly recognized specialty of pediatrics, and
the visiting home-health nursing programs. As the century
progressed, lawyers and social scientists joined the reform
movement, attacking the long-dominant views that children
are the property of their parents or guardians and that the
state has no authority to intervene even if children are
abused or neglected.
Children gained rights to certain medical services and
the right to be protected from abuse, poverty, neglect, and
exploitation; adolescents gained liberties such as the right to
consent to some kinds online casino roulette   of treatments or services without
parental approval or notification (Holder, 1985, 1989).
Scientists helped transform children’s programs through
studies of children’s growth, development, needs, experiences,
illnesses, and perspectives, showing the importance of
candor and respect for children’s views. A distinctive feature
of advocacy for improved health and social care for children
can be summarized as follows: Others make most decisions
for minors in terms of their personal care and the allocation
of funds for children’s programs.
Moral disputes about healthcare for children will be
discussed under four headings: Who should make decisions
for children? How should those decisions be made? When
should children be enrolled as research subjects? How much
of society’s healthcare funds should be allocated to children’s
programs?

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